Scleria microcarpa lake hatchineha scleria microcarpa is a graminoid member of the sedge family, cyperaceae. National germplasm resources laboratory, beltsville, maryland. The selected flowers were examined after the cloth was opened to assess whether any fruit. Ficus microcarpa melon seed progression of fused branch on left. Identifying aquilaria containing seed is the first step of cultivation. Plants profile for ludwigia microcarpa smallfruit primrose. Lecomte from indochina and thailand and aquilaria sinensis lour.
Creating a new branch with fusion january 11, 2019 ficus microcarpa development of cuttings. The agar wood oil or aloe wood oil, known in the east as agar attar is obtained by distilling selected parts of the infected wood of aquilaria spp. The resinous part called agarwood of genus aquilaria lam has been exploited as a source of incense by mankind since time immemorial besides its medicinal properties. This plants is now widely cultivated for its resin. Check your miniature tree daily with a moisture meter or your finger to make sure the soil is not completely dry. Barely do not see the mother plant under the canopy of the jungle, it is usually only see in light or edges forest. They have always been in small pots so their growth has been slow. To date, five aquilaria species have been found in malaysia, viz. Jul 06, 2018 genetic similarities among aquilaria sp. Pdf micropropagation of aquilaria malaccensis lamk. Although the species is widespread, it occurs at low density. Faculty of resource science and technology universiti malaysia sarawak.
Historical information on aquilaria and agarwood agarwood is a resin filled wood produced in aquilaria and gyrinops trees with a long. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, phaeoacremonium parasitica, 7 a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus. Growing aquilaria and production of agarwood in hill agro. Fusarium is one of the pathogens that can be isolated from aquilaria trees that produce gaharu. Ocorre particularmente nas florestas da indonesia, tailandia, camboja, laos, vietna, malasia, india, filipinas, borneu e nova guine. The plant list includes a further 1 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus aquilaria. Learn more about the aquilaria with amazing aquilaria photos and facts on arkive. Aquilaria malaccensis definition of aquilaria malaccensis.
Grey box, narrowleaved box, inland box lucid key server. Germplasm resources information network grin, 2007 2011, database version 2011 acquired. The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 32000450 with original publication details. The establishment of aquilaria plantation for agarwood production has been regarded by the planters as a green gold mine of the future. There are general laws that govern agarwood collection, processing, manufacturing and trade. Aquilaria malaccensis is the major source of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense. Aquilaria malaccensis is absent from sarawak while other. Aquilaria crassna the special aquilaria tree in asia. Aquilaria malaccensis agar wood, eaglewood indian aloewood at munnar 1. Artificial production of agarwood oil in aquilaria sp. How to grow a ficus bonsai ficus microcarpa bonsai grow a. Jurgens1z and henry heuveling van beek2 1department of plant pathology, university of minnesota, st.
Phylogenetic relatedness of several agarwoodproducing. Interaction of pathogenic fungi may cause physiological changes that have an impact to. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, phaeoacremonium parasitica, a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus. Commercial gaharu cultivation in sarawak commercial cultivation of gaharu in sarawak is gaining momentum and contributes to the livelihood of the local communities. The plant list includes 49 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus aquilaria. Based on observations and measurements of the general characters, results indicated that the inoculated aquilaria microcarpa plants in carita banten had. Mar 19, 2017 watering ficus bonsai ficus microcarpa bonsai like to dry out a bit between watering, but make sure they do not dry out entirely. The aquilaria crassna like the typical feralit soil or feralit grow on rocky mountain, or granite, medium soils or thin soils, moisture, ph 46.
Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Aquilaria sinensis has been very heavily exploited and is listed as vulnerable by the iucn. Aquilaria beccariana are among species of agarwood that can be found in. Both were taken from cuttings from one of my large ficus. Allen it is currently found in the canopied, cypressdominated floodplain of lake hatchineha. The aquilaria crassna blossoming in april, the fruit is ripening in the july. The growing of aquilaria in the hill agroecosystems of northern india and cultivation of agarwood as a crop using new technology could provide a new economy for the region. They occur particularly in the rainforests of indonesia, thailand, cambodia, laos, vietnam, malaysia, northeast india, bangladesh, the philippines, borneo and new guinea.
Ficus trees are native to southeast asia and australia, where it is warm and humid most of the year. Agarwood seeds are round in brown color and resemble those of the yew agarwood has the distinction of secreting a very fragrant resin. Study on agarwood aquilaria malaccensis to evaluate. Review of significant trade aquilaria malaccensis cites. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online.
The author, who has done a great deal of research in borneo, has collected all sorts of information about the harvesting and trading of this commodity. Pdf identification of anatomical characteristics of aquilaria. I declare that this thesis entitled extraction of the essential oil of aquilaria malaccensis gaharu using hydrodistillation and solvent extraction methods is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. Karlinasari l, indahsuary n, kusumo ht, santoso e, turjaman m, nandika d. It is a large tree living in the tropical forests of southeast asia. This page was last edited on 11 december 2019, at 16. The phytogeographical region for aquilaria malaccensiscomprises india, myanmar, sumatra, peninsular malaysia, singapore, borneo and the philippines. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Aquilaria or agarwood thymelaeaceae has been reported has the potential for antidiabetic. Title plant resources of southeast asia publication author website.
This report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of bachelor of science with honours in plant resource science and management. This gene contains an open reading frame encoding the protein of 342 amino acid residues with high homology to farnesyl diphosphate synthase from various plant sources. Germplasm resources information network grin online database. Aquilaria microcarpa was inoculated with two types of fusarium sp.
Aquilaria and gyrinops are the major genera with a total of six and seven. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Interaction of pathogenic fungi may cause physiological changes that have an impact to cells, tissues or organs of plants. The propagation could be done immediately after bursting as the seeds have short viability and lose its viability when exposed to the atmosphere. Thymelaeaceae are the principal source of gaharu, a valuable resin, yet information about their reproductive ecology is almost entirely lacking.
Aquilaria trees are now protected in most countries and the collection of agarwood is illegal from natural forests. Aquilaria sinensis, from china, has lobes 8mm long. A study was conducted to evaluate the reliability of sonic tomography picus sonic tomography to detect agarwood within aquilaria microcarpa trees. A number of other species are less important sources of agar wood, including some minor aquilaria spp. Aquilaria malaccensis is an evergreen tree growing to 20 m 65ft by 8 m 26ft at a slow rate. Gc olfactory is used to identify odorcompounds which combine function of both. Commercial gaharu cultivation in sarawak gaharu online. Aquilaria microcarpa is one of aquilaria species that grows in indonesia. Costs and benefits analysis of aquilaria species on. Forest research institute malaysia 351 journal of tropical forest science 23 355 2015 karlinasari l et al. How to grow a ficus bonsai ficus microcarpa bonsai. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. A study on vegetative propagation of aquilaria microcarpa baill. Aquilaria microcarpa is a tree on the kalimantan island, particularly in east kalimantan which produces gaharu wood.
Aquilaria malaccensis agar wood, eaglewood, indian aloewood. Aquilaria crassna means woodperfume by the smell it releases. Paul, mn 55108 usa 2the rainforest project foundation, olympia plein 38h, 1076 ad amsterdam, the netherlands abstract aquilaria and gyrinops are genera of tropical trees. Media in category aquilaria malaccensis the following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. Sonic and ultrasonic waves in agarwood trees aquilaria microcarpa inoculated with fusarium solani. Phylogenetic relatedness of several agarwoodproducing taxa. Gaharu also known as agarwood, eaglewood or aloeswood is the name for resinous, fragrant and highly valuable heartwood produced by aquilaria malaccensis and other species of the.
Interaction of pathogenic fungi may cause physiological changes that have an. Aquilaria malaccensis karas di semenanjung malaysia, 2011. Aquilaria is a genus of fifteen species of trees, called lign aloes or lignaloes trees, in the family thymelaeaceae, native to southeast asia. This study examines the costs and benefits of planting aquilaria spp. There are fifteen species in the genus aquilaria of. This page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 05. Dec 18, 2014 this page was last edited on 17 december 2019, at 05. In the absence of population data, and the merging of additional species with the.
Pdf reliability of sonic tomography to detect agarwood in. Vegetative description of three aquilaria thymelaeaceae. More than one species of fusarium have been isolated. Agarwood seeds eaglewood aquilaria crassna for sale. The process of propagation takes place at the stage of seed maturation. The criteria, parameters andor indicators used to prepare the nondetriment.
A new species of aquilaria thymelaeaceae from vietnam. Aquilaria malaccensis, from india, and malaysia has lobes 2 3mm long. Identification of anatomical characteristics of aquilaria. Its geographical distribution in peninsular malaysia is given in fig.
The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any degree. An appreciable increase in the transcriptional level of amfaps1 was reproducibly. Pdf aquilaria microcarpa is one of agarwoodproducing plants. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Three closely related species of aquilaria are considered to be the major sources of agar wood and are distinguished by the length of their calyx lobes aquilaria crassna, which comes from indochina, has lobes 12 15mm long. An appreciable increase in the transcriptional level of am. The analysis shows that whether planting aquilaria spp. International agreements, such as cites the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora, accepted by 169 countries, is designed to ensure trade in agarwood products from wild trees does not. Aloes wood, one of the most valuable forest products of the southeast asian forest, is a chemical reaction to fungi or to wounds by various species of aquilaria, most notably aquilaria malaccensis.
Aquilaria microcarpa is a species of plant in the thymelaeaceae family. For shoot regeneration and multiplication, explants both of these aquilaria. In global market purest oudagarwood oil enjoys an exorbitant price tag owing to its mystical fragrance. A cdna clone, designated amfaps1 10 bp, was isolated from callus culture derived from the leaf tissues of aquilaria microcarpa. Agarwood or gaharu is a valuable nontimber forest product that has unique aroma and is widely used in many cultures. Agar wood is the rare and famous, resincontaining heartwood produced from old and diseased trees of several aquilaria species of which aquilaria malaccensis, aquilaria crassna pierre ex h. Agarwood farming, cultivation, production guide agri farming. Vegetative propagation of aquilaria microcarpa baill.
Aquilaria microcarpa is one of agarwoodproducing plants. International trade in agarwood and agarwood products. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine pdf files in seconds. Here are two ficus microcarpa bonsai of small size. Following works on aquilaria include ridley and hutchinson 1924, and the revision by hou 1960.
Fusarium inoculation causes disease or disturbance to the aquilaria tree. Pdf identification of morphological characters of aquilaria. Gaharu by using stem and branch cuttings method under different stock ages plant of aquilaria microcarpa and plant growth regulators pgr was carried out at the green house, east campus of university malaysia sarawak unimas. Growing aquilaria and production of agarwood in hill agroecosystems robert a.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. General information aquilaria microcarpa is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 40 metres tall. Pdf phylogenetic relatedness of several agarwoodproducing. The hpbgi was formed by the merger of 150 members of the association of gaharu indonesia. They are also known to grow considerably quickly while developing strong root systems relatively swiftly. Agarwood, eaglewood, aloeswood, gharuwood or aquilaria crassna is a tropical plant of the family thymelaeaceae. How to grow a ficus bonsai ficus microcarpa bonsai bonsai trees, ficus bonsai, indoor bonsai trees.
13 1216 26 1189 1102 50 202 1530 1368 546 288 604 36 256 585 833 991 934 157 1110 776 1484 1272 1011 272 1583 479 1168 1 654 1417 281 586 399 451 1460 1164 940 100 1056 1043 784 40 970 786 199 700 1122